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MATTER AND MASS

Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. Can be defined by their properties

• has dimensions.
  
• has inertia. Inertia is the resistance of a body to change its state of rest or motion.
  
• has gravity, that is the attraction that acts between material objects even if they are separated by great distances.

A related concept is the mass field that indicates the amount of material that has a body. The unit of mass in the international system is the kg.

MAKE THE FIRST FOUR YEARS

DENSITY

Relating body mass of a volume we get a magnitude that is density.

DENSITY = MASS / VOLUME

density unit in the international system is kg/m3.

the following exercises (4 FIRST)

Other items related to the subject and refer to its extension are the material body and material system.

material body is all forms of matter with its own defined limits. A table, a chair, a tree are material bodies.

material system is any form of matter without morphology own or whose boundaries are vague, either by nature or by extension. Water, air, wind, sand from a beach, a mountain, are examples of material systems.

ATOMS. Constituents of matter.

ELECTRICAL LOAD

is a property of matter that makes objects attract or repel each other when loaded. If you have the same charge repel each other and if they have different charges attract.

subatomic particles




Atoms are the particles that constitute matter. They are composed of subatomic particles.

electrons are particles with a mass 1800 times less than the hydrogen atom with negative electric charge and are found in the bark, turning around the nucleus.

Protons are particles found in the nucleus with a mass similar to that of the hydrogen atom with a positive electrical charge.

Neutrons are particles with the same mass as protons, no electric charge and which are, with protons in the nucleus.



Because the atoms have no charge the number of electrons and protons is the same. Atoms are characterized by the atomic number and atomic mass.
The atomic number is the number of protons an atom. Because the atoms are neutral will have an equal number of electrons and protons.

The atomic mass corresponds to the number of protons and neutrons an atom .

Exercises:

• If an atom has 7 protons and 7 neutrons "Calculate the atomic number and atomic mass?
• If an atom has 8 electrons and 8 neutrons "Calculate the atomic number and atomic mass?
• If an atom has 11 electrons and atomic mass is 23 "Calculates atomic number and the number of protons and neutrons it has?

perform the following exercise

Ions are electrically neutral atoms, because they have the same number of electrons and protons. However, they can acquire an electrical charge when there are variations in the number of electrons. If an atom loses electrons, becomes positively charged cation and call. If gains electrons becomes negatively charged anion and call.

CLICK HERE TO MAKE AN ACTIVITY ON ION.

SIMPLE SUBSTANCES AND COMPOUNDS

bodies and material systems can consist of a single type of element chemical, in which case they are said to be simple substances, or more than one type of atom, in which case are called compounds.
chemical elements are represented by a chemical symbol and are sorted by atomic number in the periodic table (Periodic System )

ACTIVITY ON SIMPLE SUBSTANCES AND COMPOUNDS

MORE INFORMATION.

Finally, Cantinflas in this video explains how the structure of atoms and how is nuclear energy.