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Epidemiology of work (I)

The epidemiology of work has been defined as the study of the effects of exposures in the workplace on the prevalence and distribution of diseases and injuries in the population. Therefore, it is a discipline aimed at the exhibition, which has links with the epidemiology and industrial hygiene (Checkoway et al. 1989). As such, use methods similar to those used in epidemiology in general.
The main objective of the epidemiology of work is prevention, by identifying the health consequences of exposures in the workplace. This objective emphasizes the preventive approach of the epidemiology of work. In fact, all research in the field of health and safety at work should be for defensive purposes. Therefore, epidemiological knowledge can and should be implemented quickly. Although the interest of public health must always prevail in epidemiological research, there may be other vested interests. The Investigators should take precautions to minimize their influence on the design, development and interpretation of studies (Soskolne
1985; Soskolne 1989).
A second objective of the epidemiology of work is to use the results obtained in specific environments to reduce or eliminate hazards in the whole population. Thus, in addition to providing information on the health effects of exposures in the workplace, the results of studies of the epidemiology of work are also used to estimate the risk of the general population subject to lower doses of the same exposure . Pollution environment caused by industrial processes and products often leads to lower exposure levels than those experienced in the workplace.
The epidemiology of work can be applied at different levels:

• Monitoring to describe the occurrence of diseases in different categories of workers and provide early warning signals of unknown occupational hazards.
• Generation and testing of a hypothesis about the harmful effect of certain exposure and quantification of this effect.
• Evaluation of an intervention (eg, a measure custody as the reduction of exposure levels) by measuring changes in health status between populations over time.

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